The European Union faces strong criticism after a report revealed massive subsidies for foods that harm the climate. Experts urge the EU to introduce a Plant-Based Action Plan to encourage sustainable diets and help farmers shift away from meat and dairy.
Red meat and other high-emission foods receive disproportionate EU subsidies, raising concerns about misuse of taxpayer money. Charity Foodrise published a report showing that in 2020, the EU’s common agricultural policy (CAP) directed far more funding to animal-based foods than to plant-based options. Animal-sourced foods received roughly 77 percent of total CAP subsidies, totaling €39 billion of the €51 billion spent that year.
Beef and lamb, consistently identified as the most climate-damaging foods, received around 580 times more subsidies than legumes such as lentils and beans. Dairy products gained an estimated 554 times more CAP funding than nuts and seeds. Overall, meat and dairy received more than ten times the subsidies allocated to fruit and vegetable production.
why meat and dairy drive climate impact
Animal-sourced foods generate 81 to 86 percent of greenhouse gas emissions from EU food production while providing only 32 percent of calories and 64 percent of protein. Globally, food and agriculture produce about one-third of greenhouse gas emissions, second only to burning fossil fuels. A 100g serving of beef releases 15.5 kg CO2 equivalent, equal to driving 78.7 km, according to the CO2 Everything calculator.
The carbon footprint of animal agriculture has risen sharply due to industrial farming and the high number of animals. Greenpeace estimates that 60 percent of mammals on Earth are livestock, four percent are wild, and 36 percent are humans. Farmed poultry accounts for 70 percent of all birds.
Every livestock animal requires food and space, creating factory farms that confine animals and clear forests, grasslands, and wetlands. Investigations show Amazon deforestation is largely driven by demand for soya, mostly grown to feed livestock rather than humans. WWF reports almost 80 percent of the world’s soybean crop feeds animals, and production has doubled over the last twenty years.
Animal agriculture also relies on artificial fertilizers and produces methane. Feeding crops to animals reduces efficiency: 100 calories of crops yield only 40 calories of milk, 12 calories of chicken, and three calories of beef, according to Compassion in World Farming. This process wastes water, crops, and energy that could feed humans directly.
EU subsidies face scrutiny
Martin Bowman from Foodrise called the CAP system “scandalous.” He said EU taxpayers’ money heavily supports high-emission meat and dairy while European diets remain distorted. CAP now stands at a crossroads, giving policymakers a chance to promote plant-rich diets.
Bowman emphasized that transitioning to plant-based agriculture could raise farmer incomes, reduce EU dependence on imports, curb climate change, and improve public health. Plant-based foods deserve a fairer share of CAP subsidies to compete equally. “The misuse of EU funds to promote meat and dairy contradicts EU health and climate goals and must end immediately,” he said.
Bowman urged EU leaders to create a Plant-Based Action Plan. The plan would strengthen plant-based supply chains and provide funds to help farmers transition from livestock to crops. In 2024, the European Commission stressed the importance of supporting consumers in adopting plant-based diets and recommended developing an EU Action Plan for Plant-Based Foods by 2026 to strengthen supply chains from farmers to consumers.
