Aerobic exercise such as running, swimming and dancing can act as a frontline treatment for mild depression and anxiety, researchers say. A large review of 63 studies covering nearly 80,000 people found that physical activity significantly reduced symptoms, especially in young adults and new mothers.
The findings, published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine, show that heart rate–raising activities had the strongest impact on depression. Resistance training and yoga also helped, though to a lesser degree. Group and supervised exercise delivered extra benefits, suggesting social connection plays a key role.
Neil Munro of James Cook University said exercise can match or even exceed traditional treatments for mild cases. However, experts urged caution. Brendon Stubbs of King’s College London stressed that exercise should not replace therapy or medication for more severe depression. Michael Bloomfield of University College London added that energetic group activities may be unrealistic for those with severe symptoms.
Researchers conclude that exercise works best as a complement to established treatments, while offering a powerful, accessible option for people with mild depression or anxiety.
